![]() Sikary, A.K., Dixit, S., Murty, O.P., 2017, Fatal carbon monoxide poisoning: A lesson from a retrospective study at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 6(4), pp. Gautam, S., Pillarisetti, A., Yadav, A., et al., 2019, Daily average exposures to carbon monoxide from combustion of biomass fuels in rural households of Haryana, India. Environ Dev Sustain, 21, pp. 2567–2575. Sharma, A., 2016, Carbon monoxide poisoning in our homes – report of two survivors from North India. Medico-Legal Journal, 84(2), pp. Holm, D., 2008, Space Heating Needs in Asia. Workshop for Decision Makers on Direct Use ofīhat, H.A., Rubab, S., 2008, Financial evaluation of different space heating options used in the Kashmir valley, International Journal of Ambient Energy, 29(2), pp. Reichert, G., Hartmann, H., Haslinger, W., Oehler, H., Mack, R., Schmidl, C., Schön, C., Schwabl, M., Stressler, H., Sturmlechner, R., Hochenauer, C., 2017, Effect of draught conditions and ignition technique on combustion performance of firewood roomheaters. Zakiah, M., Feenstra, A., 2013, Space Heating Improvement in East Sikkim. There is no literature covering the Eco Rocket Stove specifically, however substantial literature exists regarding space heaters in northern India and the risks of carbon monoxide heating from such heaters: Other modules to provide additional operations using the stove’s heat are also available from the manufacturer. The stoves as standard come un-decorated and with a metal fire door, but stainless steel decorations and an alternative glass door are available for an additional cost. The different models range in weight from 45 kg to 55 kg and have the following dimensions (length x width x height) including exhaust hood: The manufacturer states regarding the materials used: “The external box is made from heavyweight black steel for maximum heat radiance and the internal components use the highest quality stainless steel SS310 for high temperature operating longevity.” The stove consumes from less than 1 kg up to 2 kg of wood as fuel per hour of operation depending on the model. The key design improvements are over other rocket stoves are “in primary preheated airflow, secondary preheated airflow, vortexing of combustion gases in the secondary combustion chamber and heat trapping, which improves thermal efficiency dramatically” according to co-designer Russell Collins. By the time the waste gases leave the stove to outside through the flue, they are therefore back to a normal gas output temperature, having imparted all of the extra heat to the room. Rather than immediately releasing these hot waste gases, they trap them within the box so that they can efficiently transfer their heat to the room through the stove’s metal casing. The higher temperatures and additional drawn in Oxygen allow the smoke and wood gas to combust, releasing more energy (as heat) and destroying some harmful by-products of typical wood combustion such as carbon monoxide and smoke particulates. The Eco Rocket Stove contains two combustion chambers the first is fed with wood, and the by-products from this wood burning (smoke and wood gas) naturally flow to the second chamber, which is vertically insulated and at a much higher temperature (700 – 1000 ☌). The Engineering for Change Solutions Library provides examples of rocket stoves that can compete with the clean-burning stove aspect of the Himalayan Rocket Stove but will not provide space heating. All of these types of heaters are likely to be less suitable for the target consumers of the Himalayan Rocket Stove, who would often collect firewood themselves to avoid any fuel cost, and also do not allow for cooking. Geothermal space heaters have also been proposed for the same target region. K2 Appliances and Home Zene have both reviewed different space heaters available in India (both oil and electric heaters). Space heaters can also operate using various other (more expensive) power sources such as kerosene ( Himtapak and SHED), gas, and electricity. Metal wood-burning stoves as described here could traditionally play a similar role of both room heating and cooking. For off-grid and rural/nomadic households, traditional locally manufactured wood-burning bukharis are the primary competitors, as described here and improved variants: Portable room heater (bukhari).
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